省级人大常委会对设区的市地方性法规备案审查权:制度需求与规范空间

The Power of the Standing Committee of People's Congress at the Provincial Level toRecord and Review Local Regulations of Districted Cities: Systems Needed and Rules Formulated

设区的市扩容立法以来,激增的地方性法规已非全国人大常委会这一单一备案审查主体所能应对;对其加强备案审查的枢机在于激活省级人大常委会对其的备案审查权。我国宪法与法律对此虽未明确规定,但也留下了由宪法基础、组织基础、备案基础、特有审查基准基础汇聚的制度空间,由此可形成以全国人大常委会、省级人大常委会为双重备案审查主体的设区的市法规审查主体结构。这一双重主体结构合理分工、有效衔接联动,既可维护法制统一、提高地方立法质量,又可为加强备案审查提供示范。

Since districted cities are authorized to enact regulations in 2015, there have been so many local regulations for NPCSC alone to record and review them. The critical point of reinforcing record and review lies in the activation of record and review by PCSC at the provincial level. The Constitution and laws of China do not stipulate explicitly this kind of power of PPCSC, however, provide the important institutional space consisted of constitutional basis, organizational basis, archival basis and special review criteria basis, thus forming the districted city regulations review subject structure that regards NPCSC and PPCSC as the dual subjects. Such dual-subject structure, enjoying reasonable division of work and effective connection, could not only maintain the unity of the legal system and improve the quality of local legislation, but also provide a model for reinforcing record and review.