论信义规则在我国成年监护法中的引入

On Introducing the Fiduciary Rules into Adult's Guardianship Law of China

在监护法律关系中,监护人与被监护人往往实力悬殊,被监护人利益容易被监护人侵害。在普通法系国家,起源于衡平法的信义法能够在法律关系双方实力不对等情形下发挥有效防御和对抗监护人机会主义行为的重要功能。将普通法系信义法律规则引入我国成年监护立法,有利于强化监护法对被监护人的权益保障,重塑我国监护人义务与责任制度,推动我国职业监护和家庭监护的发展。我国立法机关可以考虑以信义义务规则为基础设计监护人具体的法定义务,修改我国法上关于成年监护人承担无过错责任的规定,将过错责任适用于成年监护人。

In the legal relationship between the ward and the guardian, the strength disparity always exists, thus the ward's interest can easily be infringed upon. In common law countries, the fiduciary law originated from the equity law plays an important role in effectively preventing and defending a guardian's opportunistic behavior in the situation of strength disparity between both parties to a legal relationship. The introduction of the fiduciary rules of the common law into the adult's guardianship legislation of China is beneficial to enhancing right and interest protection of the ward by the guardianship law, reshaping the system of the guardian's duties and obligations, promoting the development of occupational guardianship and family guardianship in China. China may, on basis of fiduciary duties, design the content of legal obligations of a guardian in the guardianship legislation, amend the current legal provision that the adult's guardian assumes no-fault liability as applying the principle of fault liability to the adult's guardian.