口述史采访需要注意的几个问题

Several Issues about Oral History Interviews

口述史采访是口述史学理论研究与实践中的核心问题和关键环节。口述史采访大致可以分为前期准备、采访过程、文本转录与编辑处理三个阶段。前期准备,包括确定选题与受访者、知识准备、采访提纲、组建团队、物质准备等。采访过程中,应注意访谈细节、提问技巧、话题控制与补充访谈。文本转录与编辑处理,则是将口述史采访的音频资料转换成文字文本,进而对其进行整理与研究,是口述史采访的重要成果。熟练掌握口述史采访的方法与技巧,进行有效的口述史采访,是口述史工作者必须具备的专业素养和基本技能。

Oral history interviews are the core issue and key process in the study and practice of oral history. The process of oral history interviews can be divided into three parts: pre-interview preparations, interviews and transcription and editing of texts.Pre-interview preparations include the selection of questions and interviewee, preparation of professional knowledge, creation of interview outline, establishment of interview team and preparation of materials. During interviews, interviewers need to pay attention to details of interview, techniques of asking questions, control of topics and follow-up interviews. Transcription and editing of texts should convert audio tapes of interviews into texts, so that they can be classified and researched, and form the most important achievement of oral history interviews. Furthermore, oral history researchers must have professional qualities and basic skills by mastering the methods and techniques of oral history interview, as well as proceeding effective interviews.