禅宗的音乐修养论——禅宗音乐美学思想研究之三

Musicianship in Zen:A study of the aesthetics in Zen school(part 3)

禅宗之"悟"虽然是突然性的,但要进入这"悟"却要经过一定时间的"修"。从根本上说,由于禅宗认为佛性就在人的"自心",因而无需人为之"修",于是便有"不修之修"之说。在音乐上,禅宗将"修"分为两种:一是"音内之修",指与音乐直接相关的修习,如技法、形式、表现、乐感等;二是"音外之修",指与音乐无直接关系的修养,如生活经验、人生体验、思想境界、精神气质等。虽然禅宗也重视"音内之修",但更为重视,也更能显示禅宗特色的,还是"音外之修"。这"音外之修"就是"不修之修"在音乐上的体现。在禅宗看来,这种"修"既是一个"放松""无心"的过程,同时也是一个"有心"、需要"着力"的过程。

Although the “enlightenment” of Zen is sudden, to enter the “enlightenment” has to go through a certain period of “practice”. Essentially speaking, since Zen Buddhism believes that the nature of Buddha lies in the “self-mind” of human beings, there is no need to “practice”, so there is the saying of “practicing without practice”. Of music, Zen Buddhism divides “practice” into two types: one is “practicing within sound”, which refers to the practice directly related to music, such as technique, form, expression, and music sense;the second,“practicing outside the sound”, referring to the cultivation that has no direct relationship with music, such as life experience, ideological realm, spiritual temperament, and so on. Although Zen attaches great importance to “the cultivation of inner sound”, what is more important to show the characteristics of Zen is “the cultivation of outer sound”. The “practicing of outside sound” is the embodiment of “practicing without practice” on music. In Zen Buddhism, this kind of “practice” is not only a process of “relaxation” and “intention free”, but also a process of “with intention” and “with effort”.