关于修辞审美的争议与辨析

On the Controversy and Discrimination of Rhetorical Aesthetics

围绕修辞审美我国学界一直存在争议。争议主要集中在三个问题上。一是表达与审美的对应联系。即有的学者认为,无论何种表达,不论是积极修辞还是消极修辞,都与审美相联系;而有的学者认为,只有积极修辞方才有美可言。二是辞格与审美的生发关系。即有的学者认为,辞格具有超常审美功能,在修辞美感的生成上,前述功能发挥了重要作用;而有的学者认为,辞格与平常词句一样都是中性化的,修辞美感的生成乃是语境作用的结果。三是修辞审美的标准。即有的学者认为,修辞审美以形式同内容相和谐以及表达同语境相和谐为标准;而有的学者认为,修辞审美以符合"真善美"要求为标准。通过辨析可以发现,欠妥观点的出现有其历史原因,应予包容看待;但随着审美实践和审美研究的新发展,无论怎么说有关思想认识和理论阐释都应与时俱进。

There has been a controversy of rhetorical aesthetics in academic field in China all the time. It focuses on the following three points:the first one is about the corresponding relation between the expressive patterns and aesthetics;the second one is about the cause-effect relation between the rhetorical devices,and aesthetics and the last one is about the criteria of rhetorical aesthetics.The paper makes a discrimination and error discrimination on the three points one by one and finds that there are some historical reasons leading to the existing incomplete viewpoints which are understandable and acceptable.However,with the new development of aesthetic practice and aesthetic research, the ideological understanding and theoretical explanation in this field should be improved as well.