不同灌溉畦宽对小麦耗水特性和产量形成的影响

Effect of Border Wide on Water Consumption Characteristics and Yield Formation of Wheat

为确定河北辛集井渠结合灌区小麦适宜的灌溉畦宽,2015-2016年设定2个畦长(45,60 m),每个畦长设定3个畦宽(8. 3,5. 5,2. 8 m),研究了不同畦宽对麦田灌水均匀度、土壤硝态氮空间分布、冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响。结果表明,8. 3 m畦宽处理旗叶SPAD值和生育后期LAI保持较高水平,籽粒产量明显高于其他畦宽处理;45 m畦长条件下灌溉水及其占总耗水量的比例、下层土壤硝态氮含量也明显高于其他畦宽处理,但畦长45 m+畦宽8. 3 m与畦长60 m+畦宽2. 8 m土壤硝态氮含量仅相差5. 8%,并且该畦长条件下8. 3 m畦宽处理WUE与其他畦宽处理差别不明显。2. 8 m畦宽处理土壤水利用率较高,下层土壤硝态氮含量也明显低于其他处理; 60 m畦长条件下WUE较8. 3,5. 5 m畦宽处理分别高12. 7%和7. 9%;但旗叶SPAD值和后期LAI较低,籽粒产量减少。5. 5 m畦宽处理生育后期LAI保持较高水平,但旗叶SPAD值和产量与2. 8 m畦宽处理相当,均低于宽畦处理,下层土壤硝态氮含量居中。因此,畦长45 m+畦宽8. 3 m可得到较高的产量和WUE、畦长60 m+畦宽2. 8 m可得到较高的WUE,二者均可保持较低的深层土壤硝态氮含量,可作为该区推荐的畦田宽度。

In order to determine suitable border wide for irrigation in well and canal combined irrigation area in Hebei Xinji,in the wheat growth seasons of 2015-2016 two border lengths of 45 and 60 m,three border width of 8.3 ,5.5 and 2.8 m were installed in field to study the effects of different border wide for irrigation on irrigation uniformity,spatial distribution of nitrate nitrogen in soil,the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat.The results showed that the flag leaf SPAD and LAI at late growth stage of 8.3 m border width treatment kept a high level,and grain yield was significantly higher than that of other border width treatment.The irrigation water amount and the proportion of total water consumption,and the nitrate nitrogen content of deep soil of 8.3 m treatment were significantly higher than that of other border width treatments,but for border length 45 m+ border width 8.3 m treatment,its soil nitrate nitrogen content was only higher 5.8% than that of border length 60 m+ border width 2.8 m treatment.Water use efficiency (WUE) of 8.3 m border width treatment was high,but did not significantly different with other treatment under the condition of border length 45 m.Soil water utilization rate of 2.8 m border width was higher,and the nitrate nitrogen content of deep soil was significantly lower than that of other treatments.WUE of 2.8 m border width was respectively high 12.7% and 7.9% than that of 8.3,5.5 m width under the border length 60 m condition.LAI at late growth stage of 5.5 m border width treatment kept a high level,but the difference was not obvious for the flag SPAD and grain yield between 5.5 m and 2.8 m border width treatments,and they were lower than that of 8.3 m border width treatments.The nitrate nitrogen content of deep soil of 5.5 m border width treatments was in the middle level.Therefore,high yield and high WUE could be achieved when border length was 45 m and border width was 8.3 m,and high WUE could be achieved when border length was 60 m and border width was 2.8 m,and soil nitrate content was low under these of condition,so they could be recommended as the better border width of Hebei area.