单侧耳聋病程对声源定位及噪声下言语识别的影响

Effects of the Duration and Onset Age of Single Sided Deafness on Sound Localization and Speech Recognition in Noise

目的探讨单侧耳聋患者的耳聋时间、发病年龄与声源定位及噪声下言语识别能力的相关性。方法 30例重度至极重度单侧感音神经性聋患者根据病程分为短期耳聋组(病程<5年,14例,患者PTA 91.07±15.17 dB HL)和长期耳聋组(≥5年,16例,患者PTA 109.30±12.30 dB HL),根据发病年龄分为4～18岁组(10例)、19～45岁组(10例)、46～60岁组(8例)以及>60岁组(2例);对各组进行声源定位测试(包括定位正确率和偏差角度均方根值)及噪声下言语识别能力测试(包括言语识别率和言语识别信噪比阈值),比较不同病程及不同发病年龄的单侧耳聋患者的声源定位及噪声下言语识别能力的差异。结果短期单侧耳聋患者的声源定位能力及噪声下言语识别能力均低于长期单侧耳聋患者,单侧耳聋患者的耳聋病程与其声源定位能力及噪声下言语识别能力均呈显著正相关,而单侧耳聋患者的发病年龄与声源定位能力及噪声下言语识别能力均呈负相关趋势。结论单侧耳聋患者随耳聋时间的延长,其声源定位能力和噪声下言语识别能力能够发生适应性改善,且发病年龄越小,这种听觉能力的改善越显著。

Objective To compare the difference of sound localization and speech recognition in noise of single sided deafness with different durations and onset ages, and to explore the relationship between these hearing abilities and the duration as well as onset age of single sided deafness. Methods Thirty patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in one ear were divided into short-term single sided deafness group (<5 years, 14 cases) and long-term single sided deafness group (≥5 years, 16 cases). According to the ages of onset, they were divided into 4 to 18 years old group (10 cases), 19 to 45 years old group (10 cases), 46 to 60 years old group (8 cases) and >60 years old group (2 cases). We evaluated the ability of sound localization, including accuracy rate of sound localization, ASL and root-mean-square of deviation angle,RMS, and speech recognition in noise, including speech recognition threshold, SRT and speech recognition score, SRS, of the subjects. The abilities of sound localization and speech recognition in noise were compared between these groups. Results The ability of sound localization and speech recognition in noise was lower in short-term single sided deafness than in long-term single sided deafness. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the duration of single sided deafness and the ability of sound localization and speech recognition in noise. There was a negative correlation between the onset age of single sided deafness and the ability of sound localization and speech recognition in noise. Conclusion With the prolongation of duration in single sided deafness, the hearing ability, including sound localization and speech recognition in noise, can be improved. The earlier the onset age of single sided deafness occurs, the more significant hearing ability can be improved.