音乐背景声对听力正常青年可接受噪声级的影响

Study on the Influence of Music Background Sound on the Acceptable Noise Level in Young Normal Hearing

目的探讨音乐背景声对听力正常青年可接受噪声级(acceptable noise level,ANL)的影响。方法采用汉语普通话材料和不同背景声材料[babble声、蓝调音乐、爵士音乐、古典音乐、乡村音乐、摇滚音乐、乡村音乐(含歌词)和摇滚音乐(含歌词)],制作成ANL测试材料,对40例听力正常青年进行ANL测试,分别获得最舒适响度级(most comfortable loudness,MCL)、最大背景噪声级(background noise level,BNL),根据ANL=MCL-BNL计算出ANL值,比较不同背景声下的ANL值。结果正常青年在babble声、蓝调音乐、爵士音乐、古典音乐、乡村音乐、摇滚音乐、乡村音乐(含歌词)和摇滚音乐(含歌词)下的ANL值分别为3.58±2.49、-1.08±2.87、-2.25±3.41、-5.15±3.23、0.43±3.05、0.48±2.76、1.43±3.35、1.58±3.29 dB,正常青年在babble声下的ANL值较蓝调音乐、爵士音乐、古典音乐、乡村音乐、摇滚音乐下的ANL值高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);babble声与乡村音乐(含歌词)和摇滚音乐(含歌词)下的ANL值相近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同流派伴奏音乐下的ANL值存在差异,古典音乐ANL值最低,爵士、蓝调、乡村音乐次之,摇滚音乐最高(P<0.05)。结论正常青年在伴奏音乐下的ANL值比babble声下的ANL值更低,即具有更好的耐受性;含歌词音乐与babble声下的ANL值无差别;音乐流派对ANL测试结果有影响。

Objective To study the influence of music background sound on the acceptable noise level (ANL) in young people with normal hearing. Methods The ANL test materials were produced using Chinese Mandarin materials and different background sounds. The ANL test was performed on 40 young normal hearing to obtain the most comfortable loudness (MCL),background noise level(BNL) and ANL, ANL=MCL-BNL, analyzed the ANL values in different background sounds. Results The ANL values of babble, blues, jazz, classical, country, rock, country (with lyrics) and rock (with lyrics) music in young normal hearing were 3.58 ± 2.49 dB ,-1.08 ± 2.87 dB,-2.25 ± 3.41 dB,-5.15 ± 3.23 dB, 0.43 ± 3.05 dB, 0.48 ± 2.76 dB, 1.43 ± 3.35 dB, and 1.58 ± 3.29 dB. The ANL values of young people with normal hearing under babble was statistically different from the ANL values of blues, jazz, classical country and rock music ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the ANL values between the babble and country (with lyrics) and rock (with lyrics) music ( P > 0.05 ).Different music genres were different in ANL values ( P < 0.05 ), classical music had the lowest ANL value, followed by jazz, blues, country music, and rock music. Conclusion Young people with normal hearing have lower ANL values in pure music compare with babble, indicating that they have better tolerance in pure music, music with lyrics has no different with babble, but music genres affect the ANL test results.