环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响——“波特效应”的中国证据

The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Green Technology Innovation——Evidence of the Porter Effect in China

在我国环境规制实现区域污染治理的过程中,会遭遇污染产业转移、投资领域变迁等规避问题。为检验有关规制措施的有效性,本文基于省际面板数据考察了环境规制与绿色技术创新的关系,研究发现,与环境行政处罚和颁布地方性法规相比,收缴排污费和增加环境保护财政支出更加有效,这说明依靠环境规制推动绿色技术创新的关键在于规制工具的选择。总体而言,财、税、费等市场调控类环境规制工具更适合我国国情。中介效应检验发现,收缴排污费和环境保护财政支出倒逼企业提高研发强度,进而推动绿色技术创新,且二者对绿色技术创新的促进作用均呈现由弱变强、由不显著到显著的门槛效应。值得注意的是,严厉的行政处罚阻碍绿色技术创新,且不管规制强度如何,地方性法规对绿色技术创新并无显著影响。因此,为加强环境治理,促进绿色技术创新,需要构建市场化环境规制体系、注重环境规制顶层设计的落地,并适当提高环境规制强度。

In view of the various paths between environmental regulation and regional pollution control like changing polluting industries'location or enterprises'investment area,we studied the relationship between environmental regulation and green technology innovation directly in this paper based on inter-provincial panel data.The results indicate that sewage charge and fiscal expenditure on environmental protection are more efficient with respect to environment administrative punishment and issuing local laws.This suggests that the time of environmental regulation is not the key factor in promoting green technology innovation,and such environmental regulation tools as finance,tax and fee,which based on market mechanism,are more suitable for Chinese conditions.The mediation effect test indicates that sewage charge and fiscal expenditure on environmental protection have promoted green technology innovation by forcing and stimulating enterprises'R&D intensity.In addition,their effects have experienced threshold effects growing from weak to strong and from insignificant to significant.In addition,severe environment administrative punishment has generated a blocking effect and issuing local regulations shows no effect in promoting green technology innovation.Finally,we put forward our suggestions like building a market-oriented environmental regulation system,emphasizing top-layer design s implementation and properly intensifying environmental regulation.