植物油制备润滑油添加剂的研究进展

Research Progress on Preparation of Lubricant Additives From Vegetable Oils

传统石油基润滑油添加剂对生态环境的不利影响,使得由植物油制备的可生物降解润滑油添加剂成为研究热点。介绍了植物油用作润滑油添加剂的优势和不足,总结了国内外科研工作者通过引入硫、磷等化学元素,环氧化,环状碳酸化和聚合等方法,对植物油进行化学改性与修饰,以提高其抗磨、减摩、抗氧化、增黏、降凝等性能。讨论了由植物油制备润滑油添加剂研发中尚存的问题,认为由植物油经过化学改性与修饰制备的环状碳酸酯型和多功能的聚合型润滑油添加剂是未来发展方向。

Traditional petroleum-based lubrication oil additives have negative impact on environment ,thus biodegradable lubricant additives from vegetable oils have attracted much attention.In this study,both the advantages and disadvantages of vegetable oils used as lubricant additives were summarized.Chemical modifications of vegetable oils through induction of sulfur,phosphorus and other chemical elements,epoxidation,cyclic carbonation,and polymerization have been studied by different researchers.These can help improve the performance of lubricant in different areas,such as anti-wear,anti-friction,anti-oxidation,viscosity index,pour point,etc.The challenges in research and development of lubricant additives from vegetable oils are also discussed.It is believed that cyclic carbonate type and multifunctional polymeric lubricant additives prepared from vegetable oils through chemical modification are the future development directions.