社区老年日间照料概念辨析及启示

The Concept of Day Care for the Elderly: Clarification and Revealation

作为养老机构和医院的替代品,国外社区日间照料的发展并未经过严格的规范化设计、技术参考或者专门管理,以致社区日间照料中心呈现多样化特征。学者们在传统的社会型、医疗型两分法基础上,又提出了三分法、四分法、五分法和八分法,对社区老年日间照料类型的划分越来越专业化、精细化。在分类的基础上,学者们对社区老年日间照料进行了概念界定,在社区为依托、类型多样化、政府主导等方面达成了共识,在入住老年人类型、非正式照顾者、服务时间等方面还存在分歧。国外日间照料发展在服务对象、服务内容、资金来源等方面为我国提供了一定借鉴。

As a substitute for nursing homes and hospitals, the development of the community day care did not have strict standardization in design, technical reference and specialized management, so that there are many kinds of day care centers. On the basis of medical care and social care, scholars have classified the existing community day care to the three, four, five, and even eight types, showing a tendency of more specialization and precision. Based on the classification, the concept of community day care for the elderly has been clarified by the scholars. There are some consensus that it is based on community with multiple types, and mainly led by the government. However, disagreements exists on the issues such as the type of in-coming elderly, informal caregivers, service time. The development of community day care abroad provides some references for our country in many respects such as service target, service content, source of funds, etc.