犯罪被害人谨慎防范理论及其刑法实现

Criminal Victims' Cautious Prevention Theory andits Criminal Law Realization

犯罪被害人谨慎防范是指被害人应尽到合理的谨慎与注意,防止自己的法益暴露在易受侵害的境况中,以降低自身法益被犯罪人侵害的概率和可能性。犯罪被害人谨慎防范有利于预防和减少犯罪,并提高司法公正性。犯罪被害人谨慎防范的标准应采社会相当性标准,包括社会通识性标准和个体特殊性标准,同时,对犯罪被害人是否达到谨慎防范标准应进行个案分析。将被害人谨慎防范纳入刑法规范评价具有正当性。在具体实现路径上,可以犯罪人社会危害性为连接点实现被害人谨慎防范因素介入犯罪人的量刑评价之中。

Crime victims' cautious precaution means that victims should exercise reasonable caution and attention in order to prevent their own legal interests from being exposed to vulnerable situations,and to reduce the probability and possibility of being infringed by criminals.Crime victims' cautious precaution is conducive to the prevention and reduction of crime and the improvement of judicial fairness.Social equivalent standards, which include social general standard and individual particularity standard,should be adopted as the standard of cautious prevention of crime victims.At the same time,case analysis should be conducted on whether the crime victims meet the cautious prevention standard.It is legitimate to incorporate the cautious prevention of victims into the normative evaluation of criminal law.As to the specific realization approach,the victims' cautious precautionary factors can be involved in the criminal sentencing evaluation by taking the social harmfulness of offenders as the connecting point.