破产重整强裁中司法标准的反思与完善

Reflection and Perfection of Judicial Standards in Bankruptcy Reorganization Cram-down

重整强裁的预设价值目标实现与强裁司法判断权的合理规制,离不开科学完善的司法判断标准,而现有的司法标准立法存在着可行性标准条文宽泛、绝对优先标准半缺失等情况,使司法实践中强制批准权为所谓保护社会利益而被滥用误用的现象较为突出。债权人的正当利益经常没有获得公平维护,与债务人之间的利益难以获得有效平衡。立法者应当及时修订对司法判断标准的规定,特别是推动绝对优先标准全面适用、细化可行性标准判断因素等,还可以借鉴引入域外新发展的新价值例外和无歧视标准。在司法标准规定完善之外,由法院通过调整司法实践把握相关司法标准适用的理念目标,从而促使未来能够形成科学合理的司法标准体系。

The realization of the default value for bankruptcy reorganization cram-down and the rational regulation of the power of judicial judgment are inseparable from the scientific and systematic judicial judgment standards.However,the existing judicial standards legislation has such problems as broad provisions of feasibility standards and semi-missing of absolute priority standards,which make the phenomenon of cramdown in judicial practice being abused and misused for the so-called protection of social interests.Therefore,the legitimate interests of creditors are often not fairly maintained,so it is difficult to achieve an effective balance with the interests of debtors.Legislators should promptly revise the provisions on judicial judgment standards,especially promote the full application of absolute priority standards,refine the judgment criteria of feasibility standards,etc.,and learn from the new value exceptions and non-discrimination standards which are the new developments outside the domain.In addition to the perfection of judicial standards,the courts grasp the conceptual objectives applicable to relevant judicial standards by adjusting judicial practice,so as to promote the formation of a scientific and reasonable judicial standards system in the future.