母体肠道菌群失调及其子宫内转移对母胎影响的研究进展

Research progress on effects of maternal intestinal flora disturbance and its intrauterine translocation on mother and fetus

子宫内有细菌存在,并且可能对胎儿产生影响。母胎间菌群转移的具体作用机制迄今尚未阐明。胎儿肠道菌群的主要来源除了母体血液、胎盘和羊水外,母体肠道亦可能是胎儿肠道菌群的主要来源之一。母体肠道菌群通过血液等途径转移至子宫内,再经过胎盘血液循环和羊水等途径转移至胎儿肠道和免疫系统。母体孕期肠道菌群的结构与数量,可对孕妇及其子代肥胖、神经系统发育异常和血压调节产生影响。随着基因测序技术的发展,有助于更深入探讨母体肠道菌群失调及其子宫内转移与母胎疾病之间的关系,为胎源性疾病的预防和干预提供理论依据。笔者拟就母体肠道菌群失调及其子宫内转移对母胎影响的研究进展进行综述。

Recent studies have shown that bacteria exist in the uterus and may affect the fetus. So far, the specific mechanism of flora translocation between mother and fetus has not been clarified. Besides maternal blood, placenta and amniotic fluid, maternal intestinal tract may also be one of the main sources of fetal intestinal flora. The maternal intestinal flora is translocated to the uterus through blood and other means, and then translocated to the fetal gut and immune system via the placental blood circulation and amniotic fluid. The abnormal composition and quantity of intestinal flora during pregnancy can lead to obesity, abnormal development of nerve system and abnormal blood pressure regulation of the mother and fetus after birth. With the development of gene sequencing technology, the relationship between maternal intestinal flora disturbance and its intrauterine translocation and maternal-fetal diseases can be further explored, thus providing theoretical basis for prevention and intervention of fetal diseases. The author intends to review the research progress on the effects of maternal intestinal flora disturbance and its intrauterine translocation on the mother and fetus.