口腔用光固化三维打印精度评价方法的建立及应用效果

A method to evaluate the trueness of reconstructed dental models made with photocuring 3D printing technologies

目的:建立一种光固化三维打印技术精度评价用牙颌参考模型,并借助该模型建立光固化三维打印牙颌模型准确度的多维评价方法,获得客观评价结果。方法:参考既往文献报道的中国人群恒牙及恒牙列形态学研究的统计分析数据,在3ds Max 2018软件中设计一副以简化标准长方体组合模型模拟真实牙颌模型特征的牙颌参考模型。用三款不同打印原理的光固化三维打印机进行模型打印,分别是:Objet30 Pro打印机(PJ技术)、Projet 3510HD Plus打印机(MJP技术)和Perfactory DDP打印机(DLP技术)。通过三维扫描打印模型,在Geomagic Studio 2012软件中基于扫描数据分析打印模型的整体3D偏差、特征面的平面度、平行度和垂直度误差。利用数显卡尺对打印模型各模拟牙冠近远中径、颊舌径和牙合龈向高度以及模拟牙列进行特征尺寸测量,分析打印层内和打印层高百分比误差。结果:在三维形态误差方面,Objet30 Pro打印模型的整体3D偏差最小,Projet 3510 HD Plus和Perfactory DDP打印模型分别在垂直度和平面度方面表现最优;在特征尺寸误差方面,Objet30 Pro打印模型的打印层内和打印层高误差综合表现最优。结论:本研究建立的光固化三维打印牙颌模型精度评价模型及配套方法,可以提供较客观、全面的评价结果,具有较好的通用性,可为三维打印临床应用提供参考和指导。

Objective: To establish a reference dental model used for trueness evaluation of photo-curing 3D printing technologies, and to establish a multidimensional trueness evaluation method based on the reference dental model, which can yield a comprehensive objective evaluating result. Methods: A reference dental model was designed in 3ds Max 2018 software based on the statistical analysis results of dental crown and dental arch of Chinese population in previous studies in order to simulate a real dental model. This model was made up of several simple geometrical configurations, which could minimize the manual measurement error. Physical models were fabricated using three types of photo-curing three-dimensional printers using different techniques: Objet30 Pro (PJ), Projet 3510 HD Plus (MJP), and Perfactory DDP (DLP). The models were scanned by a laser-scanning device and the files were exported in a stereolithography file format. In Geomagic Studio 2012, 3D shape deviations (including overall 3D deviation, flatness error, parallelism error and perpendicularity error) were measured by several commands using the data obtained from the scanning. With regard to the feature size of the simulated dental crown and dental arch, linear measurements (including mesiodistal diameter, buccolingual diameter, crown height of each simulated dental crown and feature size of dental arch) were recorded for selected landmarks using a digital caliper. The measurement results of feature sizes were used to analyze the occlusal plane percentage error and the occlusogingival direction percentage error. Results: For the 3D shape deviation, the results showed that the printed model made by the Objet30 Pro had the lowest overall 3D deviation, the model made by Projet 3510 HD Plus had the best perpendicularity accuracy and the model made by Perfactory DDP had the best flatness accuracy. In terms of the accuracy of the feature size, the model made by the Objet30 Pro was the most accurate in consideration of the results of the occlusal plane percentage error and the occlusogingival direction percentage error. Conclusion: The reference dental model and the trueness evaluation method using this model is universally applicable in evaluating the trueness of photo-curing three-dimensional printed dental model and can provide a comprehensive objective evaluating result, which can serve as a reference for the clinical use of photo-curing 3D printing technology.