12例原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤的病例回顾分析

A retrospective analysis of 12 cases of primary thyroid lymphoma

目的:通过分析原发于甲状腺的淋巴瘤(primary thyroid lymphoma,PTL)的临床特点,总结该病的诊治经验。方法:回顾性分析1995年1月至2015年9月北京大学第一医院收治的12例PTL病例的临床特点、诊治经过及预后。结果:12例PTL患者中男4例、女8例,平均年龄63岁(42～81岁),起病至诊断时间平均5个月(0. 5～24个月)。其中1例因咳嗽、憋气就诊,余11例均因颈部肿物进行性增大就诊。除1例无甲状腺功能检查结果外,其余11例首诊时有7例为甲状腺功能减退,4例甲状腺功能正常。初诊11例行颈部B超,双侧均有结节者9例,肿瘤平均直径3. 87 cm。4例经甲状腺部分切除术术后病理确诊,8例经甲状腺肿物粗针穿刺确诊,病理报告结果均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,包括9例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、2例黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,MALToma)、1例小B细胞淋巴瘤,5例病理证实合并桥本甲状腺炎。除1例MALToma因考虑肿瘤相对惰性,未行化疗,余11例均予化疗。中位生存时间24个月(1～117个月),死亡3例。健在的9例患者中,7例化疗后定期随访肿瘤无进展,1例MALToma甲状腺肿物切除术后未予化疗及放疗,仍带瘤生存,1例仍在化疗中(2周期)。结论:中老年(尤其女性)桥本甲状腺炎患者出现迅速增大的甲状腺肿物,B超提示甲状腺结节或实质内不均质低回声,伴颈部淋巴结肿大和气管压迫时需高度警惕PTL的可能,对可疑病例适时采用粗针穿刺活检可以避免不必要的手术创伤,化疗为主要治疗手段。

Objective: To discuss the clinical characteristics and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) by reviewing PTL cases. Methods: In the study, 12 cases of PTL diagnosed and treated in Peking University First Hospital between January 1995 and September 2015 were identified. The clinical characteristics, management experiences and prognosis of these cases were reviewed retrospectively. Results: A total of 12 PTL patients (four males and eight females) were collected, with an average age of 63 years (42 to 81 years) at the time of diagnosis. The average time to clarify diagnosis was 5 months (0.5 to 24 months). Eleven patients presented with a rapidly growing neck mass and visited surgical department, except one complained of coughing and suffocated. Seven patients were hypothyroid, and four were euthyroid at the time of diagnosis. In sonography of 11 cases, nine showed bilateral nodules, with an average diameter of 3.87 cm. Pathologic diagnosis of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was confirmed in all the 12 cases by means of partial thyroidectomy (four) or core needle biopsy (eight). The pathological subtypes were diffuse large B cell lymphoma in nine patients, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) in two, and small B cell lymphoma in the other one patient. Five patients were concomitant with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Eleven patients received chemotherapy. Only one patient did not have any further treatment after operation due to an inertia type of tumor. The median overall survival time was 24 months (1-117 months), three patients died. Among the patients who survived, seven completed chemotherapy without disease progression, one MALToma case did not receive chemotherapy after thyroidectomy but was still alive with PTL, and one patient just finished his second course of chemotherapy. Conclusion: The diagnosis of PTL should be considered when dealing with rapidly growing goiters in elder female Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients whose B ultrasound indicates hypoechogenicity in thyroid nodules or parenchyma, especially with lymphadenopathy and tracheal compressions. Timely use of coreneedle biopsy on suspicious cases can avoid unnecessary surgical trauma, and chemotherapy is the main treatment.