石油降解菌产生物表面活性剂的研究进展

A review on biosurfactants from petroleum degrading-bacteria

石油降解菌产生物表面活性剂是微生物对石油烃代谢利用的前提条件。生物表面活性剂对石油的乳化可促进石油分解,研究产表面活性剂的原油降解对原油污染环境的治理具有重要的研究价值和应用前景。产生物表面活性剂的石油降解菌主要有假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌等细菌;生物表面活性剂的类型与应用,脂肽类和糖脂类表面活性剂是目前研究较为清楚的两类生物表面活性剂,大部分菌株可产混合类表面活性剂,可被应用于降解石油中的不同烃类;生物表面活性剂促进石油烃降解的机制,表面活性剂可降低石油表面张力,改变微生物膜结构,促进微生物与石油的接触,提高微生物对石油的利用。通过综述以期为进一步拓展生物表面活性剂的研究思路提供参考。

Biosurfactant originated from petroleum degrading-bacteria is indispensable for degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in microbes. The emulsification of biosurfactants can promote the decomposition of petroleum, therefore, searching noval petroleum degrading-microbes is necessary and significant to copy with oil contamination. This paper reviews the petroleum degrading-bacteria that can secrete some kinds of biosurfactants by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas , the types of biosurfactants and applications;there are lipopeptide and glucolipid biosurfactants that are studied well at present, most strains can produce mixed biosurfactants. which can be used to degrade different hydrocarbons in petroleum;and the mechanisms of biosurfactants under the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by microbes, biosurfactants can reduce the surface tension of petroleum, change the membrane structure of microorganism, promote the contact between microorganism and petroleum, and improve the utilization of petroleum by microorganism, to provides the idea for further research on biosurfactants.