燕窝低聚肽制备工艺及生物学评价

Preparation of bird's nest oligopeptides and its bioactivity determination

采用生物酶解技术研究了燕窝低聚肽的制备工艺。研究了4种不同类型的酶对燕窝的降解行为,比较了燕窝酶解前后分子量范围、氨基酸组以及唾液酸含量变化,采用动物实验研究了燕窝低聚肽对小鼠免疫细胞活性的影响。结果表明,燕窝经60℃热变性处理后可通过胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶有效降解,酶解处理4. 0 h燕窝降解率分别达到96%和91%,碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶可部分降解燕窝,4. 0 h后残留量分别为40%和36%。酶解后的燕窝低聚肽的分子量主要集中在1～3 ku,低聚肽中总蛋白含量高于燕窝,酶解后唾液酸含量为14. 3%。动物实验结果表明燕窝低聚肽增强刀豆蛋白A(Concanavalin A,Con A)诱导胸腺依赖性淋巴细胞(Thymus-dependent lymphocyte,T cell)增殖效果高于燕窝(P> 0. 05);燕窝与低聚肽在增强抑制自然杀伤细胞(Nature killer cell,NK cell)活性方面较为相近(P <0. 05)。

The enzymatic hydrolysis technique was used to study the preparation of bird′s nest oligopeptides. The degradation behaviors of bird′s nest were studied using four kinds of enzymes. The molecular weight range, amino acid composition and sialic acid content of the bird′s nest were compared before and after enzyme digestion. Animal experiments were used to study the effects of bird′s nest oligopeptides on the activity of immune cells in mice. The results showed that the bird′s nest could be effectively degraded by trypsin and pepsin after heat denaturation at 60℃ and the degradation rate was 96% and 91%, respectively after 4 hours of enzymatic treatment. However, alkaline protease and neutral protease could only partially degrade bird′s nest. After 4 hours digestion, the residue rate of undissolved materials was 40% and 36%, respectively. The molecular weight of oligopeptides after enzymolysis was mainly concentrated in the range of 1 ku to 3 ku. The total protein content of oligopeptides was higher than that of bird′s nests. The sialic acid content after enzymolysis was 14.3%. The results of animal experiments showed that oligopeptides can significantly enhance the proliferation of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T cell compared with bird′s nest ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the inhibition of NK cell activity between bird′s nest and oligopeptides ( P <0.05).