避雨措施对梨品质、土壤化学性质与酶活性影响及相关性分析

Effects of Rain-sheltered Pear Cultivation on Fruit Quality and Chemistry and Enzymatic Activity of Rhizosphere Soil

以同一梨园中避雨栽培与露地栽培的梨树根系土壤为研究对象,对根际土壤抑草活性、土壤化学性质和土壤酶活性进行研究。结果表明,避雨措施能显著降低梨果实的蔗糖含量(甜度),增加酸性物质含量。避雨栽培土壤的全氮和速效磷均显著低于露地栽培土壤。两种处理梨树根际土壤对莴苣的生长都有促进作用。露地处理增加了土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸单酯酶活性。本研究还对各类具有显著性差异的指标进行了相关性分析。研究认为,避雨栽培不利于土壤肥力和物质循环,需要适度地补充营养元素、适当的露地栽培和及时除草来提高梨的品质。

Effects of rain-sheltering in pear cultivation on quality of the fruits as well as the chemical properties and enzymatic activity of the rhizosphere soil were studied by comparing with the conventional open-field operation at a same orchard.By sheltering the plants from the rains,the sugar content of the pears decreased significantly,and the acids increased significantly(P<0.05),while the total nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil lowered significantly(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the condition also decreased the activities of protease,urease,sucrase and phosphomonoesterase in the soil.On the other hand,the changed rhizosphere soil did not alter the growth of lettuces on it.It appeared that the rain-sheltered cultivation did not benefit the fertility or the natural circulation of matters in the soil either.Consequently,the practice would require substantial nutrient replenishment,occasional exposure to the natural conditions,and frequent weeding to sustain a long-term cultivation of the pear plants that produce high quality fruits.