改革开放40年我国教师教育政策的历史审视

A Historical Survey of China’s Teacher Education Policy in the Past 40 Years After Reform and Opening Policy

我国教育事业发展是与教师教育紧密相连的,国家政策极大地影响着教师教育事业的变革。改革开放40年来,我国教师教育发展历程可以分为计划导向、计划与开放相结合、标准导向、标准与认证相结合四个时期。培养方式由学校单向输出,走向多元协作,形成职前培养、入职教育、在职培训相结合的一体化教育模式,培养模式由师范教育走向教师教育,培养层次由"旧三级"提升为"新三级"。这种顶层设计式的政策建构可以保障教师教育改革方向,集中力量推进教师教育进步,满足教育事业发展需要。

The development of education is closely related to teacher education in China,and the national policy has a great impact on the reform of teacher education.In the past 40 years after Reform and Opening policy,the development of teacher education in China can be divided into four periods:planning orientation;combination of planning and opening;standard orientation;combination of standards and certification.The training way is from one-way(output of school)to multi-cooperation,forming an integrated education model of pre-service training,induction education and on-the-job training.The training mode has changed from normal education to teacher education,and the training level has been upgraded from"old three-level"to"new three-level".This top-level policy construction can guarantee the direction of teacher education reform,concentrate on promoting teacher education,and meet the needs of the development of education.Of course,policy design should emphasize the autonomous space at the grass-roots level and the leading role of policy should be considered.