人的尊严的理论基础之反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Theoretical Basis of Human Dignity

人的尊严面临着理论和实践层面的挑战和批评,原因在于其理论基础的正当性问题存在争议。人的尊严的理论基础主要有宗教神学思想、感性主义的生物感官能力以及人的理性和道德能力,但这三种本体论意义上的学说均难以单独支撑起人的尊严的理论基础。建立在共同体承认理论上的人的尊严学说,将人的尊严根植于人的共同体成员资格这一社会制度性事实中,并从认识论意义上对这一社会制度性事实予以规范性承认,从而补足了本体论意义上的理论基础学说。这既有利于澄清人的尊严在理论层面上模糊含混的现状,也为人的尊严的实证化过程提供了一种切实可行的路径。

Human dignity faces challenges and criticisms at the theoretical and practical levels,because the legitimacy of its theoretical basis is controversial.The theoretical basis of human dignity mainly includes religious theology,perceptual biological sensory ability and human rational and moral ability,but these three ontological senses are difficult to separately support the theoretical basis of human dignity.The doctrine of human dignity bases on the theory of community recognition rooting human dignity in the social institutional facts of human community membership,and admits this social institutional fact in an epistemological sense,thus complements the theoretical foundation in the ontological perspective.This is not only conducive to clarifying the current state of human dignity,but also provides a practical path for the empirical process of human dignity.