民族音乐学美国学派的“源”与“流”

The Origin and Development of American School of Ethnomusicology

民族音乐学最早起源于欧洲的"比较音乐学",受二战的影响,欧洲的一批优秀音乐学家纷纷移居美国,而当时在美国盛行着以博厄斯为代表的文化人类学。欧洲的比较音乐学进入美国后,与美国的文化人类学相结合,经过不断地融合与发展,产生了民族音乐学的"美国学派"。民族音乐学的美国学派在发展中,逐渐分流出了"人类学派"与"音乐学派"两大阵营,其代表人物分别是梅里亚姆与胡德。很多学者认为"人类学派"与"音乐学派"存在着严重的分歧与争论,笔者在梳理考证过程中发现,这两派的"源头"相同,并无根本上的分歧,只是由于学者们不同的学术背景与知识结构,和学者们研究对象与研究目标的侧重不同,才会造成学术方向的差异。随着学科不断的发展,人们也在逐渐将两派的观念相融合,和而不同才会更好地发展。

Ethnomusicology first originated from “Comparative Musicology” in Europe.Under the influence of the World War II,a batchof outstanding European musicians immigrated to the United States.At that time,cultural anthropologyrepresented by Boas was prevalent in the United States.After the entrance of European comparative musicology to the United States combined with the American cultural anthropology and experiencing continuous integration and development,the American School of Ethnomusicology came into being.During the course of its development,the American School of Ethnomusicology gradually divided into two camps:theAnthropological School,and the Musical School,whose representatives are Merriam and Hood respectively.Many scholars believe that serious differences and disputes lie between the anthropological school and the musical school.Sorting out the progress of textual research,the author finds out that the two schools share the same fundamental“source”and no fundamentaldifferences.It is the scholars’differentacademic backgrounds,knowledge structures,and different emphasis on research objects and research objectivesthat make academic direction different.With the continuous development of this discipline,people are gradually integrating the concepts of the two camps.“Harmony in diversity”is what makes this discipline go further.