摘要
酸度是衡量牛奶新鲜度的重要指标,生乳中的酸度来源有两种:自然酸度和发酵酸度。自然酸度是指刚挤出来的生乳本身所具有的酸度,主要来源于生乳中的酪蛋白、白蛋白、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐及二氧化碳等酸性物质。发酵酸度是指生乳在贮存运输的过程中,由细菌的侵入并在其中生长繁殖产生的酸性物质而升高的那部分酸度。为了保障牛奶质量和安全,部分国家和地区对牛奶中酸度进行了规定。本文对酸度与奶及奶制品质量安全的关系、影响酸度的因素和酸度的检测方法进行了综述,旨在为我国生乳酸度的研究提供一些基础资料。
Acidity is an important index to estimate the freshness of milk,there are two sources of acidity in raw milk:natural acidity and fer-mented acidity.Natural acidity refers to the acidity of the raw milk that has just been extruded.It is mainly derived from acidic substances such as casein,albumin,citrate,phosphate and carbon dioxide in raw milk.Fermentation acidity refers to the acidity of the raw milk which is raised by the intrusion of bacteria and the acidic substances produced by the growth and reproduction of the raw milk during storage and transportation.In order to ensure the quality and safety of milk,some countries and regions have regulations on acidity of milk.This paper re-viewed the relationship between milk acidity and milk quality and Safety,the influencing factors of milk acidity and corresponding determina-tion method,to provide some basic data for the research of milk in China.
作者
杜兵耀
王加启
李发弟
郑楠
张养东
文芳
赵慧芬
苏传友
张晓音
李松励
DU Bingyao;WANG Jiaqi;LI Fadi;ZHENG Nan;ZHANG Yangdong;WEN Fang;ZHAO Huifen;SU Chuanyou;ZHANG Xiaoyin;LI Songli(Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ministry of Agriculture-Key Laboratory of Quality&Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ministry of Agriculture-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center,Beijing 100193,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)
出处
《中国乳品工业》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第2期34-38,60,共6页
China Dairy Industry
基金
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-37)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403071)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(AST1P-IAS12)
关键词
牛奶
酸度
质量安全
Milk
Acidity
Quality and safety