实验鼠骨折模型研究进展

Femur fracture model of rats/mice

骨折是临床常见病、突发病,多因交通事故、跌倒和高处坠落等造成,其中股骨骨折占有较大比例。骨折的发生会造成患者病死率、患病率的升高和治疗费用的增高,给社会带来负担。因此,骨折的预防、治疗及康复都是亟需解决的问题。在研究骨折愈合过程骨转换自我修复机制中,骨折模型的建立显得尤为必要。骨折模型的制作主要有两个过程,包括破坏骨骼连续性和固定骨骼。破坏骨骼连续性分为开放性和闭合性破坏,固定骨骼分为髓内固定和外固定。本文以鼠类股骨骨折为例,详细阐述开放性股骨骨折和闭合性股骨骨折两种造模手段,介绍髓内固定和外固定两种常用固定手段,分析其优缺点,为基础实验骨折造模提供参考依据。

Fracture is a clinical frequent and out breaking disease,mostly caused by traffic accidents,tumble,fall and others.Femur fractures are the most common among all the fractures.Usually,the occurrence of fractures will lead to the increased mortality,morbidity and cost of treatment of patients,which will impose a burden on society.Therefore,prevention,treatment and rehabilitation of fractures are urgent problems.In the study of the mechanism of bone turnover and self-repair during fracture healing,the establishment of fracture models are particularly necessary.There are two main processes for fracture modeling including destruction of skeletal continuity and fixation of bones.Destructive skeletal continuity can be divided into open and closed destruction,and fixed bone can be divided into intramedullary fixation and external fixation.In this paper,we reviewed a large number of literatures at home and abroad and took femur fracture of the rats/mice for examples.We stated two kinds of modeling methods of open and closed femoral fracture,introduced two kinds of commonly used fixation methods of internal and external fixation,and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages,in order to provide reference basis for basic experimental fracture modeling.