反倾销影响了在位企业还是新企业:以美国对华反倾销为例

Does Anti-Dumping Affect the Incumbent Exporters or the New Exporters? Evidence from China

本文利用2000-2006年中国海关数据库和世界银行反倾销数据库数据,以美国对华反倾销为例,从出口企业进出市场动态角度考察了反倾销出口破坏效应的微观形成机制。理论上,反倾销对出口总额与出口扩展边际有负面影响,但对集约边际的影响不确定;由于新企业面临较高的固定成本,反倾销对新企业的出口影响较大,而对在位企业的出口影响较小。经验研究发现,反倾销对涉案产品出口具有破坏效应,并主要体现在扩展边际上;但其没有显著减少在位企业的出口,而是显著减少了新企业出口。此外,对于获得单独反倾销关税的企业而言,尽管单独反倾销关税增加了其出口成本,但由于单独反倾销关税低于统一反倾销关税,带来了额外的相对成本优势,从而在整体上对其出口影响不显著。

By extending Lawless (2010) theoretical model, this paper investigates the micro-mechanism of trade destruction effects produced by anti-dumping from the perspective of export enterprises entry and exit market dynamics. In theory, anti-dumping has a significantly negative effect on the overall volume of exports and their extensive margins, while its influence on the intensive margins is uncertain. Since new exporting enterprises need to pay a higher fixed export cost, they are severely affected by anti-dumping duties, while, on the other hand, incumbent exporters are not so affected. Using data from Chinese customs transactions and the World Bank anti-dumping database between 2000 and 2006, the effects of US anti-dumping on Chinese exports to the US are examined, with the aim of providing theoretical findings support. The results show that US anti-dumping has a destructive effect on the overall exports and extensive margins of Chinese researched products, and it does not significantly reduce the exports of incumbent enterprises, instead considerably reducing those of new exporters. Subsequent investigations reveal that, while exporters that have been subject to individual anti-dumping duties have increased their export costs as a result, as a whole they do not have a significant effect on their exports because individual anti-dumping duties are far below unified (PRC-wide) anti-dumping duties, thus granting them an additional comparative advantage in terms of costs. These findings could be useful in stabilising China s export growth in the long term by responding effectively to anti-dumping against China.