有关海洋划界的国际判例的动向

Trends in International Jurisprudence on Maritime Delimitation

海洋划界问题在公平划界原则的指引下,通过国际司法机构一系列的海洋划界裁判,呈现出了一些值得关注的发展倾向:在确定相关海域的问题上,出现了在双方主张重叠区之外确定权利依据重叠区、认定相关海岸等司法实践,以最大地平衡当事国的利益;在法律适用上,等距离/特别情况原则和公平/有关情况原则逐渐合流,并日益与条约、习惯法等规范相整合;在划界方法上,早期的海岸关系因素逐步退出舞台,距离在划界中的优先性在等距离/有关情况原则的发展中有限度地得到巩固;在考虑有关情况的问题上,对地理因素的倚重得到延续,划界均衡性在划界中的地位则争议至今。

Under the requirements of fair demarcation, the maritime delimitation judges have presented some trends worthy of attention through a series of maritime delimitation judgments. On the decision of the relevant areas, there has been some judicial practices exercising maximum balance between the interests of both parties by drawing “areas of overlapping potential entitlement” besides “areas of overlapping claims”. In the application of the law, the rule of equidistance-special circumstances and the equitable principles-relevant circumstances rule have gradually merged and are increasingly integrated with norms such as treaties and customary laws. In the delimitation method, consideration on “coast circumstances” gradually withdrew and the priority of distancewas limitedly consolidated in the development of the rule of equidistance-special circumstances. On the issue of “special circumstances”, the reliance on geographical factors has continued, while the status of fairness in the delimitation is still under controversy.