葫芦岛沿岸海陆风特征及其环境效应

Characteristics and Environment Effects of Land Sea Breeze along the Huludao Coast

利用葫芦岛观测站1980—2009年观测资料,分析了葫芦岛沿岸海陆风风速的季节特征和日变化规律,以及海陆风环流对沿岸环境的影响。结论如下:1)葫芦岛站点在冬季出现海陆风日数最多,其他依次为秋季、夏季和春季。陆风风速从春季到冬季呈现递减趋势;海风在春季最大,其次为秋季的,冬季的最小。总体上,海陆风日中海风要强于陆风。2)对海陆风风速椭圆拟合结果表明,海陆风在10:32由陆风转化为海风,海风在16:32达到最大,在21:42由海风转化为陆风,陆风在04:32达到最大。3)由于海风的存在,沿岸地带在春夏两季日最高气温在12时出现,秋冬季的在13时出现。4)能见度日变化在四季中表现一致,早晨能见度转好的时刻比最低气温出现时刻滞后约2 h,在海风维持较长时间后空气绝对湿度增加导致能见度开始转差。5)冬季静止型海陆风日比例最高,再循环型海陆风日在秋季出现最多,而夏季通风型海陆风日出现最多。

Using observation data at Huludao weather station from 1980 to 2009,the seasonal characteristics and diurnal variation of wind speed about Land Sea Breeze(LSB)were researched,and the impacts of LSB circulation on coastal environment were also discussed.The results showed as follows.1)The day number of LSB occurring at Huludao station was the highest in winter,and decreased monotonically in autumn,summer and spring.The wind speed of land breeze showed a diminishing trend from spring to winter,however,the wind speed of sea breeze was the largest in spring,secondary in autumn and minimal in winter.Generally,sea breeze was stronger than land breeze in LSB day.2)Ellipse fitting of LSB implied that land breeze converted to sea breeze at 10:32 and sea breeze reached its maximal value at 16:32.Similarly,sea breeze converted to land breeze at 21:42 and land breeze reached its maximal value at 04:32.3)Because of the sea breeze,the daily maximum temperature at coastal area occurred at 12:00 in spring and summer,while at 13:00 in autumn and winter.4)The diurnal variation of visibility showed the same in all seasons.The improving time of visibility was about 2 hours behind the daily minimum temperature,the increasing of moisture resulting from sea breeze led to degrade of visibility.5)The percentage of LSB in stagnation type was the highest in winter,recirculation type was the highest in autumn,while ventilation type was the highest in summer.