近代中国邮政空间研究——基于多版本邮政舆图的分析

The Historical Analysis of the Modern China Postal Space with Modern China Postal Atlas(Album)

20世纪初,清政府和民国政府陆续出版了若干套邮政舆图(集),其初衷是为了合理规划未来之邮路。舆图记载了邮路、邮政网点的等级信息和实测路程信息,使其成为了不可多得的系统的近代交通信息载体。借助地理信息系统(GIS)软件对上述舆图进行数字化,可以从宏观和微观层面尽可能地还原近代中国国内市场网络。从国际比较来看,邮政业是近代中国发展最为迅速的行业。多种因素导致了邮政作为一个第三产业部门远超同侪的快速扩张,但邮政网点的分布和邮路的空间拓展与人口密度分布并不呈现完全的相关性。通过对四川的个案分析,利用泰森多边形法,本文发现基层邮政半径可以很好代表基层市场半径,从而为全国范围内建构近代基层市场网络提供了一种可选择的技术路线,同时也为从整体上描述和分析近代中国城市体系提供了扎实的数据基础。

Since 1903 to 1936, a number of postal administrations published about 10 more postal album or maps. The Modern China postal network was not a new system, but borrowed from the original traffic logistics network (including but not only including Ming and Qing courier route system, railways, motor roads, inland waterways and rural market network). The postal network was formed on the basis of the elaborate choice of the above networks, which was a representative subset of Modern China transport networks. If we rebuild the Modern China postal network to the greatest extent possible, we can approach as much as possible the reality of the Modern China domestic network. According to the Sichuan postal map,the average local postal radius data was very close to the radius of the rural market according to the literature. We have the reason to believe that the rural local postal radius can be a good representative of the rural local market radius, rural local postal service area was also very close to the rural local market service area. This provides us with a very good example of quantifying the rural market across the country.