抗草甘膦转基因大豆SHZD32-01田间节肢动物和杂草多样性研究

Assessment of glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybean SHZD32-01 on biodiversity of arthropod and weed

通过田间试验,采用直接观察法,比较抗草甘膦转基因大豆SHZD32-01和受体中豆32各处理田间节肢动物和杂草的数量及物种丰富度、多样性指数、优势集中性指数和均匀性指数等群落特征指数,评价抗除草剂转基因大豆田间节肢动物和杂草的多样性。节肢动物调查结果显示,SHZD32-01喷施草甘膦、SHZD32-01人工除草、中豆32人工除草3种处理田间烟粉虱、小绿叶蝉、苜蓿盲蝽和中华草蛉等主要节肢动物数量无统计学差异,节肢动物群落特征(物种丰富度、生物多样性指数、优势集中性指数和均匀性指数)差异不显著。杂草调查结果显示,人工除草管理下,SHZD32-01和中豆32田间杂草物种丰富度、生物多样性指数、优势集中性指数和均匀性指数差异不显著,反枝苋、藜、稗和鲤肠等杂草密度无统计学差异;与其他2个处理相比,喷施草甘膦45 d后,SHZD32-01田间杂草物种丰富度无显著变化,但多样性指数和均匀性指数显著下降,优势集中性指数显著上升,鲤肠等杂草密度显著减少(P<0.05)。结果表明,SHZD32-01种植1年不影响田间节肢动物和杂草多样性,草甘膦喷施1次亦不影响大豆田间杂草的丰富度。

In order to assess the biodiversity of arthropod and weed communities in transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean fields,populations and communities characteristics including species richness,biodiversity index,dominant concentration index and evenness index of arthropod and weed were compared through different treatment of transgenic glyphosate-resistant soybean SHZD32-01 and its receptor Zhongdou32 by direct observation under field experiment.Results indicated that numbers of main species of arthropods such as Bemisia tabaci,Empoasca flavescens,Adelphocoris lineolatus and Chrysoperla sinica,and the species richness,biodiversity index,dominant concentration index and evenness index of arthropod communities showed no significant difference among three different treatments.Densities of each weed species including Amaranthus retroflexus,Chenopodium album,Echinochloa crusgalli and Eclipta prostrata and characteristics of weed communities had no significant difference between SHZD32-01 with hand weeding and Zhongdou32 with hand weeding.However,the biodiversity index,evenness index of weed communities and densities of Eclipta prostrata decreased in SHZD32-01 with glyphosate treatment(after 45 d glyphosate sprayed)than that in two hand weeding treatments,while the dominant centration index increased than that in two hand weeding treatments(P<0.05).Therefore,the growing of transgenic soybean SHZD32-01 and glyphosate application for one year had no impacts on biodiversity of arthropod and weed community,and species richness of weed community were the same between glyphosate treatment and hand treatment.