生物质炭表面特性及其对土壤重金属污染的修复效应

Surface Characteristics of Biomass Charcoal and Its Remediation Effect on Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil

近年来,生物质炭在农业废弃物的资源化利用、固碳减排、污染土壤修复和土壤改良等领域的应用受到了人们的广泛关注。生物质炭具有多孔性和较大的比表面积,吸附性和持水性好,它能通过提高土壤pH值来降低重金属生物有效性,通过阳离子的吸附作用降低重金属离子在土壤中的移动,还可通过改善或提高土壤肥力减弱重金属对作物的毒害作用,因此生物质炭对重金属污染土壤具有很好的修复效应。从比表面积、表面官能团、表面结构和表面性质等方面阐述了生物质炭的表面特性,总结了生物质炭对改变重金属元素化学形态、降低土壤重金属生物有效性、影响作物吸收重金属含量等修复效应和其他方面如减少温室效应等作用。

In recent years,the application of biomass charcoal in the resourceful utilization of agricultural wastes,fixed carbon and reducing discharge,contaminated soil remediation and soil improvement has attracted wide attention.Biochar is porous and has large specific surface area,good adsorption and water holding capacity.It can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals by increasing soil pH value,reduce the movement of heavy metal ions in soil by cationic adsorption,and reduce the toxicity of heavy metals to crops by improving or improving soil fertility.Therefore,biomass charcoal has a good remediation effect on heavy metal contaminated soil.The effects of biomass charcoal on changing the chemical forms of heavy metals,decreasing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil,affecting the absorption of heavy metals by crops and other aspects such as the reduction of greenhouse effect were summarized.