基于水生态足迹模型的重庆市水资源可持续利用分析与评价

Using Ecological Water Footprint Model to Analyze Sustainable Use of Water Resources in Chongqing

【目的】探讨重庆市水资源的可持续发展前景。【方法】运用水生态足迹、万元GDP水生态足迹等模型分析了重庆市2003—2016年水生态足迹、水生态承载力及水资源开发利用状况。【结果】2003—2016年重庆市水生态足迹除个别年份有微弱下降外,总体呈上升趋势,变化范围为0.725 6～1.407 2亿hm^2,用水量主要集中在第一产业和第二产业,城乡居民生活污水是影响重庆市水质的主要来源;水生态承载力受降水影响大,变化范围为0.513 0～0.894 2亿hm^2,地区分布不平衡;万元GDP水生态足迹在2011年突升,总体呈下降趋势,水资源利用率在不断提高,但水资源的开发利用不合理,开发利用潜力大。【结论】基于水资源可持续开发利用,应加大对重庆市生活污水的处理率,优化产业结构,将发展重心移至第三产业,利用政策辅助,优化地区用水结构。

【Objective】Climate change results in frequent occurrence of extreme weather and improving sustainability in water resources use is hence essential to economic development.Taking Chongqing as an example,this paper analyzes how to use the ecological water footprint model to help improve sustainable water resources use.【Method】We used water ecological footprint of 10 000 Yuan GDP,analyzing the water ecological footprint,ecological carrying capacity and water resources utilization from 2003 to 2016 in Chongqing.【Result】On average,the water ecological footprint in Chongqing was improving despite occasional drop in a few individual years,changing from 72.56 million hm2 to 140.72 million hm2.Water consumption was mainly by primary and secondary industry,and sewage disposed from urban and rural areas was the main origin of water pollution.Water ecological carrying capacity was affected greatly by precipitation,changing from 51.30 million hm2 to 89.42 million hm2 and varying spatially.The ecological footprint of 10 000 Yuan GDP was in decline except a sudden drop in 2011.Water resources utilization rate was in rise,although there is still room for improvement in development and utilization of water resources.【Conclusion】Sustainable development and utilization of water resources should focus on improving the treatment of domestic sewage.The industry should be reconstructed by shifting to tertiary industry.The regional water utilization should also be reconstructed assisted by policy changes.