中国参与全球价值链产业竞争力研究——基于上游度的比较分析

Research on Industrial Competitiveness of China Participating in Global Value Chain——Based on the Comparative Analysis of Upstream Degree

通过上游度测算,量化产业在全球价值链上的位置,比较分析了中美货物生产业、服务业在全球价值链上的竞争力。整体上,中国产业在GVC上处于低技术的中间生产加工环节,所获增加值利润较少,而美国产业在GVC上更接近“微笑曲线”的两端,产业竞争力高于中国。进一步提出了提高中国产业在GVC竞争力的建议:第一,对外直接投资,获取逆向技术溢出;第二,加大对高技术产业的政策扶持,提供知识产权保护;第三,货物生产业、服务业平衡发展。

By measuring the upstream degree and quantifying the industrial position on the global value chain,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the competitiveness between China and American good production industry and service industry on the global value chain.Overall,the China industry is in the intermediate production and processing link of low technique on GVC,and thus gained less value added profit,but the American industry is more close to the both ends of the“smile curve”on GVC,and the industrial competitiveness is higher than that of China.Based on the above,this paper puts forward suggestions to enhance the competitiveness of China industry on GVC:first,making direct foreign investment to gain reverse technique premium;secondly,enlarging policy support to high-tech industry and providing protection for intellectual property;thirdly,balanced development of goods production industry and service industry.