日本退出国联后中国知识界对外交出路的探究与省思

Japan's Withdrawal from the League of Nations and the Chinese Intelligentsia's Discussion and Reflection about the Diplomatic Outlet of China

1933年2月,日本宣布退出国联,致使中国诉诸国联的外交策略失去交涉对象,一定程度上宣告了国联外交的失败。此后,中国外交面临十字路口的抉择:联美、联俄、联英还是继续依靠国联抑或直接对日交涉?中国知识界对此做出了反应,纷纷撰文探讨中国外交的新出路。知识界关于中国外交出路的不同抉择,背后诠释的是对"弱国无外交"、"打倒一切帝国主义"等口号的深度省思。以历史的后见之明而见,其中的某些外交谋略成为日后中国抗战胜利外交层面的必备要素。

In February 1933,Japan announced its withdrawal from the League of Nations,causing China’s diplomatic strategy of resorting to the League of Nations to lose its object of negotiation,which declared the diplomatic failure of the League of Nations to some extent.Since then,China's diplomacy had faced the Choice of crossroads,Would China unite with the United States,Russia or Britain,or continue to rely on the League of Nations,or directly deal with Japan? The Chinese intellectual community responded by writing articles to discuss new ways of Chinese diplomacy.The intellectuals’different choices about China’s diplomatic approach implied the deep reflection on the slogans such as“weak country without diplomacy”and“down with all imperialism.”With the hindsight of history,some of the diplomatic strategies became the necessary elements of China’s victory at a diplomatic level in the war of resistance against Japan in the future.