后“伊斯兰国”时代印尼反恐战略的困境及其转型

The Anti-terrorism Predicament and Strategic Transformation of Indonesia in the “Post-Islamic State”Era

在后"伊斯兰国"时代,印尼亲"伊斯兰国"组织仍处于持续扩散与活跃中,其极端主义信仰越发顽固,行动则更难防范。同时,印尼对亲"伊斯兰国"恐怖分子"去激进化"改造失利。极端主义伊斯兰政党兴起对印尼赖以立国的潘查希拉原则构成了潜在的威胁。为遏制后"伊斯兰国"时代恐怖主义的挑战,印尼政府修正了之前较为温和的、被动防守型的"柔性反恐"战略,其反恐态度转而趋向于强硬和先发制人。印尼反恐战略的转型取得了积极的遏制效果,得到了国际社会的肯定。不过,当前转型中的印尼反恐战略本身也有一定的局限性,尚不能消除恐怖主义的根源,印尼甚至有舆论认为反恐战略的转型是对印尼民主制度和人权安全的一种侵害。

The “pro-Islamic State” terrorism organizations are still in the process of continuous expanding and growing in Indonesia in the era of “Post-Islamic State”. The Islamic extremism beliefs of them are more stubborn and much harder to counter than before. At the same time, Indonesia almost failed to de-radicalize the pro-Islamic State terrorism prisoners, and the rise of extremism Islamic parties has posed a potential threat to the traditional Pancasila principles on which the Indonesians founded their country. In order to repress the new challenges of terrorism in the “post-Islamic State” era, the Indonesian government fundamentally revised its moderate and defense-oriented “soft strategy” of anti-terrorism. The Indonesian attitude to the terrorism became more uncompromising and preemptive. The transformation of Indonesian anti-terrorism strategy has achieved positive effects in repressing terrorism and has been affirmed by the international community. However, the current anti-terrorism strategy of Indonesia also has certain defects, and it cannot eliminate the root causes of terrorism. Furthermore, there are even some pubic opinions that the current transformation of the anti-terrorism strategy is an infringement on Indonesia’s democracy and human rights, which has brought some considerable pressure and uncertainties to the future anti-terrorism of Indonesia.