运动技能习得的默会认识方式阐释

Interpretation of tacit knowing methods in the process of motor skills acquisition

运动技能是一种默会的身体知。人们主要通过默会认识的方式习得运动技能。针对"许多体育教师忽视运动技能的具身性和默会性特征,对运动技能习得的默会认识方式缺少本质认识"这一问题,运用现象学研究方法,分析和阐释学生在习得运动技能过程中常用的几种默会认识方式,包括观察与模仿、摸索与顿悟、体认与领会、反思与刻意练习、想象与创造。它们相互交织存在于运动认知和实践过程之中。这些默会认识方式的归纳和揭示,有助于体育教师从默会认识的视角对教学中的问题和困惑进行反思,积极探索基于默会认识方式的教学方法,以帮助学生更有效地习得运动技能。

Motor skills are a kind of tacit physical knowledge.People learn motor skills mainly through tacit knowing.Aiming at the problem that many physical education teachers neglect the embodied and tacit features of motor skills and lack the essential understanding of the tacit knowing of motor skills,this paper uses phenomenological research methods to analyze and interpret several tacit knowing methods that students commonly use in learning motor skills,including:observation and imitative exercise,fumble and epiphany,body realization and comprehend,reflection and deliberate practice,imagination and creation.They are intertwined in the acquisition of motor skills.The induction and revealing of these tacit knowing methods will help the sports teacher to reflect on the problems and perplexities in teaching from the perspective of tacit knowing,and actively explore teaching methods based on tacit knowing methods to help students learn more effectively.