不同施肥方式及肥料对幼龄茶树生长及主要生化成分含量的影响

Effect of different fertilization methods and fertilizerson growth of young tea plant and its main biochemical components contents

为明确施肥方式和肥料对幼龄茶树生长和主要生化成分含量的影响,设置两种施肥方式(沟施和撒施)和不同肥料(尿素、复合肥A、复合肥B)两因素田间肥效试验,研究其对茶树形态指标和新梢主要生化成分含量及茶树根、叶中N、P、K含量的影响。结果表明,FCA处理的茶树株高、粗根重、根幅、冠幅、水浸出物、茶多酚含量显著增加,分别比CK高78.18%、200.89%、131.12%、69.63%、7.49%、26.75%。FCB处理的株重、根重、细根重、粗根数和主干直径显著增加,分别比CK高186.16%、250.19%、348.45%、145.78%、38.71%。FU处理的氨基酸含量显著高于其他处理,比CK高21.51%;各施肥处理的咖啡碱含量与CK相比无显著差异;FCA处理的天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、茶氨酸等主要氨基酸组分含量和茶叶所含人体必需氨基酸含量均比CK显著提高。FCB处理的GC、EGC、EC含量显著高于其他处理,分别比CK高94.44%、35.23%、14.86%。FCA处理的EGCG、GCG、ECG、CG含量最高,分别比CK高35.88%、62.32%、28.92%、12.50%,且差异显著。FU处理的细根和FCA处理的粗根N含量显著高于其他处理;FCB处理的细根和粗根P、K含量均最高,与CK差异显著。新植茶园施肥处理,可促进茶苗株高、主干直径增长、根系生长和新梢主要生化成分含量提高,同时叶片N、P、K积累量均增加,为茶树生长及品质保证提供物质基础。施肥可显著增加茶树根幅、树幅,缩短茶园投产时间。从施肥成本及效果来看,幼龄茶园宜采用沟施复合肥A。

It was to clarify the effects of fertilization methods and fertilizers on the growth of young tea plant and the content of major biochemical components, set fertilization methods (furrowand broadcast) and different fertilizers (urea, compound fertilizer A, and compound fertilizer B) two factors fertilization field test for studying the tea growth, biochemical components in new shoots, and the effects of N, P, K contents in root and leaves. Compared with CK, plant height, thick root weight, root width, crown width, water extract content, and tea polyphenol content were significantly increased in FCA treatment, which were 78.18%, 200.89%, 131.12%, 69.63%, 7.49% and 26.75%, respectively. Compared with CK, plant weight, root weight, thin root weight, root number and trunk diameter were significantly increased, which were 186.16%, 250.19%, 348.45%, 145.78% and 38.71%, respectively. The amino acid content of urea treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments, 21.51% higher than CK. Compared with CK, there was no significant difference in the content of caffeine in fertilizer treatment. Compared with CK, the main content of amino acid composition, such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, theanine and in the human body essential amino acid content in tea leaf increased significantly in FCA treatment. The contents of GC, EGC and EC in the treatment of FCB were significantly higher than those of other treatments, compared with CK, which were 94.44%, 35.23% and 14.86% respectively. The contents of EGCG, GCG, ECG and CG in the treatment of FCA were the highest, compared with CK, it increased 35.88%, 62.32%, 28.92% and 12.50%, respectively, and the difference was significant. The N contents of the thin roots in furrow urea treatment and the thick roots in FCA were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The contents of P and K in both of thick and thin root in FCB treatment were the highest, which was significantly different from CK. It could promote young tea plant root growth and improve the biochemical component content, the growth of the plant height, stem diameter, accumulate N, P, K in root and leaf by using fertilization in the new tea garden, so it could provide material basis for tea plant growth and good quality. Fertilization could significantly increase the root and tree width, which could make tea plant put into production in advance. The method of furrow fertilization was better. Combined with the price of fertilizer, the young age of tea garden should choose furrowing tea special fertilizer A to be better.