舟山桃花岛养殖海区生物附着特性及新型防附着材料开发初步应用研究

Preliminary Study on Biological Attachment Characteristics and Development of New Anti-Adhesive Materials in Taohua Island Aquaculture Sea Area in Zhoushan

海洋养殖网设施上的生物附着历来是海水养殖中面临的突出问题,不同养殖海区有不同特性,至今没有得到良好解决。为分析附着生物变化规律,研究防附着措施,本文通过实海挂网试验,对桃花岛养殖海区的附着生物种类、附着期、附着程度以及水层分布特性进行了研究,同时测试了一种新型量子仿生防污涂料对桃花岛养殖海区的适用性。结果表明:试验水域的附着生物主要有水螅、石莼、鸭毛藻、麦秆虫、紫贻贝等,种类和组成结构相对单一,对水体交换影响较大的主要是水螅和石莼。水螅在表、中、底层均有分布,附着高峰在5月底,覆盖面积率为98%;石莼多附着在0.5 m水层以上,从7月中旬开始附着,数量较大,覆盖面积率为80%左右。新型量子仿生防污涂料对桃花岛养殖海区具有较好的防污效果,试验结果可为桃花岛养殖海区附着生物的防除提供参考。

Biological attachment to culture nets has always been a prominent problem in marine aquaculture and has not been well addressed so far. In order to acquire the change rules of fouling organisms and anti-fouling measures on net, this paper studied the species of fouling organism, the attachment period, the degree of attachment and the distribution diversity of different aquifers in aquaculture area of Taohua island through hanging net test. The applicability of a new type of quantum bionic antifouling coating to the agriculture area of Taohua island was also tested. The results showed that there are mainly hydra, ulva, skeleton shrimp, Symphyocladia latiuscula and Mytilus edulis in test waters. The species and composition of the test waters are relatively single. The main influencing factors on water exchange are hydra and ulva. Hydra is distributed in the table, middle and bottom. The peak of attachment appears at the end of May, which has a covering area ratio of 98%. Ulvaare mainly attached above underwater 0.5 m. The attachment starts from mid-July, with a large amount of coverage and coverage area ratio of 80%. The new quantum bionic antifouling coating has a good antifouling effect on the aquaculture area of Taohua island, but there is a valid period. The test results may provide a reference for the prevention and control of fouling organisms to the aquaculture area of Taohua island.