关系嵌入与合约治理——理解小农户与新型农业经营主体关系的一个视角

Relation Embedded and Contract Governance: A New Perspective of Understanding the Relationship Between Small Farm-households and New Type Agricultural Management Main-entities

当前中国新型农业经营体系的构建,其核心在于新型农业经营主体与小农户的关系问题,即如何发挥新型农业经营主体的引领作用,带动小农户参与构建现代农业经营体系,以最终实现小农户与现代农业发展的有机衔接。本质上,这依赖于新型农业经营主体与小农户之间合约关系的稳定。鉴于分散的小规模农业经营所面临的较高外部性社会成本,新型农业经营主体与小农户之间合约关系的稳定不仅仅依赖于其合约关系的市场绩效,也依赖于政府的政策和制度保障,以及村庄社会关系网络中所蕴含的丰富社会资本。政府和村庄社会的诸种正式性及非正式性关系资源对于降低新型农业经营主体同小农户打交道的组织成本,提高小农户的组织化水平及其组织收益,维持新型农业经营主体与小农户合约关系的稳定有着极为重要的作用。

At present,the core of the construction of new system of agricultural management in China is the relationship between the new agricultural management entities and the small peasant households,that is,how to give play to the leading function of the new agricultural management entities for the purpose of realizing the organic connection between small peasant households and new agricultural management entities by involving small peasant households in the modern system of agricultural management.In essence,it relies on the stability of the contractual relationship between new agricultural management entities and small peasant households.In view of the higher external social costs faced by scattered small-scale agricultural management,the stability of the contractual relationship between new agricultural management entities and small peasant households depends not only on the market performance,but also on the input of the government's policy resources and organizational guarantees,as well as the rich social capital contained in the village social network.The formal and informal relationships between the government and the rural society play extremely important roles in reducing the organizational costs while the new agricultural management entities deal with small peasant households.Moreover,they could also raise the organizational level of small peasant households and their organization income and maintain the stability of the contractual relationship between the new agricultural management entities and small peasant households.