农业经营模式创新与演化的多重逻辑——基于土地托管模式的分析

The Multiple Logic of Innovation and Evolution of Agricultural Management Model: Based on the Analysis of Land Trusteeship Mode

土地托管为分散的农户家庭提供规模化的农业社会化服务,是在保留家庭经营基础上的农业组织化形式创新,为如何构建面向小农户的社会化服务体系提供了重要经验。通过两个村庄案例的比较,研究发现土地托管模式发展结果受组织逻辑和绩效逻辑的多重影响。两个村庄的土地托管均为供销社部门下乡的结果,但是在村社自主性上表现出很大的差异,进而带来土地托管模式演化路径的不同。此外,剩余索取权和剩余控制权的分配及协调成本的不同显示了两个村庄在土地托管上的绩效差异,也衍生出两个村庄不同的发展结果。研究认为,土地托管模式创新的动力来自于国家力量和市场力量的相互耦合,但土地托管模式的可持续发展在于村社自主性"去部门化"的策略及彰显绩效的制度安排,而这正是构建面向小农户的农业社会化服务体系的关键所在。

There are many problems of household management in the process of agricultural modernazation.How to realize the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development has become an important issue.Land trusteeship provides a large-scale agricultural socialization service for scattered small farmers,which means the agricultural modernization based on household management.Land trusteeship also provides important lessons for how to build a social service system for small farmers.Through the comparative analysis of two villages,the research found that organization logic and perfomance logic affect the development of the land trusteeship.Land trusteeship is the result of the supply and marketing cooperatives going to the countryside,but each village shows huge difference in village autonomy,which leads to the different evolution path of land trusteeship.In additon,the distribution of residual claims right and residual control right and the different coordination cost showed the different performance of land trusteeship mode between the two villages.Therefore,the innovation force for land trusteeship comes from the mutual coupling of state power and market power.However,the sustainable development of the land trusteeship mode lies in the"de-sectorization"strategy of the village autonomy and institutional arrangements for improving performance.