差异强化理论及其对校园欺凌防治的启示

The Theory of Differential Reinforcement and Prevention of School Bullying

差异强化理论认为,如果我们做某事(积极或消极)受到奖励或者逃避惩罚,那么我们就会继续从事这件事,如果我们因为某件事而受到惩罚则不会再以这种方式行事。差异强化理论侧重于四个要素:模仿、态度、差异交往、差异强化。这些影响的平衡决定了一个人是否能够从事规范的行为或者越轨行为。差异强化理论与当前校园欺凌研究中欺凌者的交往状况、欺凌动机以及欺凌者或被欺凌者对待欺凌行为的态度相契合。可以通过消减欺凌行为的差异强化因素、减少与欺凌者的不良交往、转变欺凌者对欺凌行为的态度、削弱不良榜样的影响来防治校园欺凌事件。

The theory of differential reinforcement is that if we are rewarded(positive or negative)for doing something or can escape punishment,then we will continue to do it,and if we are punished for something,we will no longer act in this way.The more deviations people accept than the traditional ones,the more likely they are to deviate.This view is closely related to the problem of bullying on campus today.The theory focuses on four elements:imitation,attitude,communication and reinforcement.The balance of these influences determines whether a person can engage in normative or deviant behavior.The theory of differential reinforcement coincides with the current situation of bullying communication,bullying motivation,and the attitudes of bullies or bullies towards bullying behavior in current campus bullying research.We can reduce the factors of bullying behavior,reduce the bad communication with bullying behavior,change the bullies’attitude towards bullying behavior and weaken the influence of bad role models to prevent the occurrence of school bullying.