宋代的“新儒学”与“理学”

The Neo-Confucianism and the Li Learning in Song Dynasty

依据钱穆先生之说,对宋代的"新儒学"之称可有广狭之别,即广义的"新儒家"包括范仲淹、欧阳修和"宋初三先生"等,而狭义的"新儒家"则专指宋明理学家。朱熹所说"本朝道学之盛""亦有其渐",即以范仲淹和"宋初三先生"等为理学的先驱。范仲淹是宋代"新儒学"的开端,而"宋初三先生"是范仲淹门下的"贤士"。范仲淹的教育思想与胡瑗的"明体达用之学"对于宋代"新儒学"的发展具有重要意义。"庆历之际,学统四起",三苏的蜀学、王安石的新学、周敦颐的濓学、张载的关学和二程的洛学等,都与范仲淹及其庆历新政有着密切的关系。

According to Qian Mu’s statement, the Neo-Confucianism can have the distinction of broad and narrow sense, namely the broad sense of Neo-Confucianism includes Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu and“the Three Sirs in early Song dynasty” etc., while the narrow sense of Neo-Confucianism specifically corresponds to Song dynasty’s Li(理) learning. Fan Zhongyan is the starting point of the Neo-Confucianism in Song dynasty, while“the Three Sirs in early Song dynasty”are Fan Zhongyan’s virtuous disciples. Fan Zhongyan’s educational thought and Hu Yuan’s educational mode have important meanings for the development of Song dynasty’s Neo-Confucianism. After Qingli(庆历) reform, many schools of thought were established. The Shu(蜀) learning of Three Sus(苏), the Xin(新) learning of Wang Anshi, the Lian(濂) learning of Zhou Dunyi, the Guan(关) learning of Zhang Zai, the Luo(洛) learning of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi etc. had a close relationship with Fan Zhongyan and his Qingli reform.