中日传统“射”文化交流之人类学考察

An Anthropological Study of the Cultural Exchange of “Archery” between China and Japan

古代中国文化与文明对日本产生过重大影响,而日本近代文化与文明在明治维新以后始终影响着中国的发展走向。但一直以来很少有人关注中日两国传统“射”文化交流互动历史与现状。本文主要通过文化人类学的田野调查,揭示中日两国传统“射”教育交流影响互动的轨迹。源自中国古代的“射”文化传统丰富了日本对弓箭的认知,使他们在“化汉”的过程中逐渐形成了以武射与文射为象征的文武教育体系。而当代日本仍然将儒家射礼教育思想作为弓道指导思想,以磨炼身心与追求真善美为宗旨在本国以及世界部分国家和地区普及推广,同时反过来影响中国传统射艺射礼文化教育复兴。

The ancient Chinese culture and civilization exerts a great impact on Japan,while the modern Japanese culture and civilization in Meiji restoration has always affected the development trend of China.However,little attention has been paid to the history and current situation of traditional“archery”cultural exchanges and interactions between China and Japan.Based on the field investigation of cultural anthropology,this paper reveals the communication and interaction of traditional“shooting”education between China and Japan.The“archery”culture,originating from ancient China,enriches Japanese's cognition of bows and arrows,and gradually they form an educational system of civil and military symbolized by martial and cultural shooting in the process of“Chinese localization”.In contemporary Japan the Confucian archery education is still thought as the guidance of kyudo.With the purpose of exercising body and mind and pursuing truth,goodness and beauty,kyudo is popularized in Japan and some other countries and regions in the world,and in turn,it affects the revival of traditional Chinese archery cultural education.