汉语起始体标记“起来”在越南语中的对应形式

The Counterparts of Chinese Inchoative Aspect Marker Qilai (起来) in Vietnamese

“起来”是汉语起始体标记,用在动态动词后,表示动作、行为的起始,用在静态动词(形容词)后,表示开始进入某种静态。起始体标记“起来”在越南语中有多种对应形式。一般情况下越南语用零形式来表示汉语起始体标记“起来”。当谓词的词类不同、语义类型不同时,越南语还会在谓词前加上“bat dau”(开始)、“tro nên”(成为),或在谓词后加上“lên”(上)、“ra”(出)、“den”(到)、“ve”(回)、“hon”(比)、“tro lai”(回来)来表达汉语起始体标记“起来”。当“开始”与“起来”共现,构成“开始+谓词+起来”格式时,越南语用零形式来表示该格式中的起始体标记“起来”。

Qilai , an inchoative aspect marker in Chinese, means the beginning of action and behavior used after the dynamic verb and the beginning to be a static state used after the static verb or the adjective. There is more than one counterparts of the inchoative aspect marker qilaiin Vietnamese. In general, the zero form can be used to express the inchoative aspect of qilai . Specifically,“bat dau” and “tro nên” are added before the predicate when the predicate has different word classes and different semantic types, or “lên”,“ra”,“den”,“ve”,“hon”and“tro lai” are added after the predicate to express the inchoative aspect of qilai . The zero form is used when kaishiand qilaiappear together and form the “kaishi +the predicate+qilai ” pattern.