朱熹《家礼》“四书”学理念探究

Exploring the Ideas of "The Four Books" Theory in Chu Hsi’s Family Ritual

自朱熹始,儒家经学发展格局从以“五经”为主演变为以“四书”为主的系统。《家礼》是这位“四书”学奠基人的重要礼学代表作品,其中蕴含诸多“四书”学理念。它将“天理节文”“人事仪则”贯通,使心性论落地于实际人生和社会关怀;力主庶民化,将中央集权的政教秩序治理模式转向了地方自治的治理模式,积极倡导庶民生活礼仪化及其存在理念与生活方式;与“四书”学“修齐治平”的人生理论相合,敬宗聚族而反佛家,尊亲、顺人性、缘人情而排“不孝”,崇入世而反出世。这些理念的灌入,使《家礼》伴随着“四书”学系统一并影响了后世上千年。

The pattern of Confucian classics used to be dominated by“The Five Classics”,but it has been transformed into a system which focuses on“The Four Books”ever since Chu Hsi appeared.Family Rituals,which contains ideas about“The Four Books”,is the most representative etiquette work of Chu Hsi,a founder of“The Four Books”.In Family Rituals,the author combines the heavenly principle with the norm of ethic moral,which makes the Confucian Temperament Theory more realistic and humanitarian;Chu Hsi stands for common people,and endeavors to reform the governance model from a centralized bureaucratic state to a local autonomy.He actively advocates ritual-oriented life of common people,ideas and lifestyles;these ideas coincide with the ethical philosophy in“The Four Books”.These ideas advocate ancestor worship and clan cluster,at the same time,they strongly oppose Buddhism.They persuade people to respect parents,obey human nature,tolerate relative sensibility and denounce violation of filial piety.In addition,they maintain an active attitude towards society and are against detachment thinking.The integration of these ideas in the Family Rituals,along with“The Four Books”system,have deeply influenced later generations for thousands of years.