战后美国城市隔都的质变

Qualitative Transformations of Ghettos in Post-war U. S. Cities

隔都作为19世纪美国犹太移民的聚居区,在20世纪演化为以黑人为主的种族隔离和民权运动后阶级隔离的标志。它在地理上经历了一个从识别到界定的过程,在文化上完成了从民族文化向种族和阶级文化的转变。隔都的变迁既是战后美国城市经济结构和政府政策发展的产物,也是各族裔根据自己的经济条件和生活方式选择迁移的结果。隔都的永久化孕育了新兴的底层阶级。美国学界相关研究为今后探讨隔离与美国政治制度的关系及其对美国公民权利的影响,提供了有价值的视角和方法。

Ghetto as Jewish enclaves in Europe and late 19 th century American cities have evolved into African American communities in the 20 th century and symbols of racial and class segregation in post-civil rights movement.It has also underwent a process of geographical identification as well as cultural changes from ethnicity to race and class.Ghetto is a product of U.S.economic and public policy development.It is also the result of migration by each ethnic groups,who made decisions upon their own choices of life style.The Process of ghettoization of the urban and rural poor has produced an underclass,which has become the focus of U.S.academic studies,thus providing valuable perspectives and methodologies for future study in its relationship with U.S.political systems and its impact upon U.S.civil rights issues.