夏威夷与北太平洋的早期商业化

Hawaii and Early Commercialization of the North Pacific

18世纪80年代至19世纪中叶,伴随着航海探险和资本的扩张,北太平洋实现了最初的现代商业开发。跨域贸易的发展带来商品的流通和人员的迁移,将一片“大洋荒漠”改造成了充满资本活力的新经济场域,为19世纪末资本主义世界经济市场体系的全面形成奠定了基础。这场商业化因毛皮贸易、檀香木贸易、捕鲸业和甘蔗种植园的发展而顺序推进,既构建起了常态化的北太平洋国际商业贸易网络,也将该地区融入了世界资本主义经济市场体系中。作为关键的海路中继站,夏威夷从最初的商路“驿站”,逐步发展成为北太平洋上最重要的商业“枢纽”,而其自身也在地区经济贸易整体化的进程中渐渐商业化,成为近代太平洋殖民体系的结构要件。

From the 1780s to the mid-19th century,the North Pacific achieved its first modern commercial development,accompanied by the maritime exploration and the expansion of capital.The development of trans-oceanic trade brought about the circulation of goods and the migration of personnel,and transformed an“ocean desert”into a new economic field full of capital vitality,which laid the foundation for the overall formation of the capitalist world economic market system at the end of the nineteenth century.The commercialization was promoted in order by the development of maritime fur trade,sandalwood trade,whaling and sugarcane planting industry,which not only built up the North Pacific international commercial and trade network,but also integrated the region into the world capitalist economic market system.As a key sea road staging post,Hawaii had gradually developed from the original“great caravansary”into the most important commercial hub in the North Pacific.Meanwhile,it accomplished its commercialization gradually in the process of regional economic and trade integration,and become the structural element of the modern Pacific colonial system.