我国贫困妇女脱贫问题政策研究

Policy Research on Chinese Female Poverty Alleviation

贫困妇女脱贫是打赢脱贫攻坚战,实现可持续脱贫的关键抓手。首先从理论层面探究妇女贫困的定义、特征和成因,发现妇女贫困具有脆弱性、代际传递性和思想上的衍生性。在此基础上,分析了我国妇女扶贫政策的实践和存在的问题。同时,借鉴墨西哥、美国和欧盟等国家和地区的妇女扶贫政策经验,结合我国实情,提出以下政策建议:推行针对贫困妇女的工作福利制度,提高受助者工作意愿;注重思想教育,唤醒传统美德;发展社会化儿童看护服务,减轻贫困妇女家庭压力。

The poverty alleviation for women not only affects women’s own development,but also plays an important role in cutting off the intergenerational transmission of poverty.It is the key to winning the fight against poverty and has been highly valued by the central government.This paper discusses the definition,characteristics,and causes of female poverty.This paper also analyzes the practice and existing problems of China’s poverty alleviation policies for women,draws on the policy experiences of women’s poverty alleviation in Mexico,the United States,and the European Union,and proposes suggestions on China’s poverty alleviation policies for women:implementing workfare programs for poor women;increasing long-term training and education;developing socialized child care services.