四分量深水油气地震勘探拖缆采集系统关键技术研究

Research on Key Technologies of Four Component Deepwater Oil and Gas Seismic Survey Towrope Acquisition System

海上拖缆地震技术是目前深海油气勘查的主要手段,随着深水油气藏类型日益复杂,常规作业方式取得的资料已越来越难以满足海上精细化勘探的要求。四分量深水油气地震勘探拖缆系统通过多分量传感采集技术,实现矢量测量和宽频采集,利用横向分量进行数据重构,提高薄层、特殊岩性体等难识别油区成像品质,提高探测深度。四分量拖缆采集系统在拖缆内同时布置一个压力检波器和一个三分量MEMS数字检波器,在记录垂直分量压力场的同时记录3个相互正交的加速度波场梯度分量,较配置单一类型的水检的常规拖缆系统,采集数据翻两番,对采集系统的等环节都提出了更高的要求。本文针对四分量深水油气地震勘探拖缆采集系统的同步采集、数据处理、数据传输等关键技术展开研究。

Marine towed cable seismic technology is the main means of deep sea oil and gas exploration.With the increasingly complex types of deep water oil and gas reservoirs,the data obtained by conventional operation methods have become more and more difficult to meet the requirements of fine offshore exploration.The four component deep water oil and gas seismic exploration towing cable system realizes vector measurement and broadband acquisition through multi-component sensing acquisition technology,and uses transverse component to reconstruct data,and improves the imaging quality of thin layer and special lithology,and improves the depth of detection.The four component cable acquisition system arranges a pressure geophone and a three component MEMS digital geophone at the same time in the towing cable.It records 3 orthogonal acceleration wave field gradient components while recording the vertical component pressure field,and compares the conventional towing system with a single type of water inspection.The collection of data is quadrupled and the acquisition system is used.Higher requirements are put forward in all aspects.In this paper,the key technologies such as synchronous acquisition,data processing,data transmission and so on for the four component deepwater oil and gas seismic exploration haulage acquisition system are studied.