美国系统性种族主义理论综述

A Review of Systemic Racism Theory in U.S.A

20世纪50-60年代民权运动以来,随着非洲裔等有色人种在政治、经济、教育和住房等方面条件的改善,一些白人和保守主义学者开始对美国的种族关系持乐观的态度,认为美国已经进入"后种族时代"(post-racial era)。与该论调持相反的观点,系统性种族主义理论认为今天的美国与过去一样仍然是一个白人支配的压迫社会,白人对非洲裔等有色人种的支配是种族不平等的根源。该理论为美国种族研究提供了一个新范式,有助于理解美国种族主义的本质和种族关系的发展脉络。但是,该理论也受到一些质疑和批判,如陷入"黑白二元论"的窠臼,忽视了有色人种的作用,对种族关系持悲观的态度等。

As African-American and other people of color have made some improvements in political,economic,educational and housing conditions since the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s,some whites and conservative scholars began to hold optimistic attitudes toward the race and ethnic relations in the United States,claiming that the United States has entered the post-racial era.Contrary to this notion,systemic racism theory holds that the United States today remains,as in the past,a white dominated oppressive society.Whites domination on African-American and other people of color is the source of ethnic inequality.It provides a new paradigm for U.S.race and ethnic study,helping to understand the nature of racism and the context of racial relations.However,the theory also has been questioned and criticized for such aspects as falling into the trap of"black and white dualism",ignoring the role of people of color and holding a pessimistic attitude toward ethnic relations.