阶层教养方式述评:拉鲁框架与中国社会

A Review of Class Difference in Parenting Practice: Lareau's Framework and Chinese Society

家庭教养方式作为阶层代际流动的一种微观机制,日益受到国内社会分层研究的重视。本文基于拉鲁所提出的"协作培养"和"自然成长"的阶层分析框架,从养育观、亲子关系和能力培养三个维度梳理家庭阶层地位与教养方式之间的关系。与美国社会相比,中国家庭的教养方式在养育观和亲子关系这两个维度上不存在明显的阶层差异,这可能与儒家文化有关;在能力培养这个维度上的阶层差异虽明显,也有其特殊性,这可能与教育制度有关。

Parenting practice, as an important micro-level mechanism for class mobility and reproduction, has recently received much attention from the Chinese social stratification scholars. Existing research has discussed some aspects of class differences in parenting practice of Chinese families, but still needs overall and systematic analysis of such class differences. Based on Lareau s class framework of “concerted cultivation” and “accomplishment of natural growth”, this paper reviews the class differences in parenting practice from three dimensions: parenting beliefs, parent-child relationships, and cultivating strategies. Compared to American families, it doesn t exist significant class difference in parenting beliefs and parent-child relationships in Chinese families. It may be related to the dominant Confucius culture. Chinese families do show a significant class difference in cultivating strategies, but such class difference is not the same as that in American families. It may be related to the education system.